These were originally designed as methods of internal/indoor detection. The system generally, consists of a transmitter column and a receiver column spaced apart. The transmitter generates modulated light beam using IR/Laser source and mirrors to form a beam which are received by the receiver column consisting of photocell detectors, constituting an invisible and continuous beam between the transmitter and receiver connected to a control panel. When an intrusion takes place, the beam path is disturbed, thus triggering of an alarm.
These are easily affected by external disturbances. Being point-to-point beams, the IR and Laser beams must have a clear line of sight. Multiple parallel beams are generally used. These systems require stable foundations and secure mounting and alignment. The systems are prone to a high level of false alarms, as even small disturbances deflecting the rays will cause alarms. They are also easily defeated. Infrared and Laser beams tend to perform poorly in foggy, smoky or high sunshine conditions. Multiple beams are difficult to align and near impossible over long distances. Although they were originally designed as a method of internally detecting an intruder, we are now seeing a large number of point-to-point beams being used externally, but they do not require multiple beams in parallel to have any value against false alarms.